NONE Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

NONE - Case Study Example In 1970, Pepsi bottlers had achieved a bigger piece of the pie than Coke. Pepsi focused on spending extra salary from deals on advancement and promoting by selling its items at a lower cost than Coke (Yoffie and Kim 100). Both Coke and Pepsi began trying different things with progressive cola just as non-cola enhances by offering new bundling. They likewise expanded into non-CSD enterprises. In its endeavors to battle with Pepsi, Coke presented publicizing messages planned for perceiving the commonness of its opponents. It likewise centered around developing its offer to abroad markets dependent on the supposition that the nearby CSD utilization was moving toward full limit. To address this issue, Pepsi battled Coke forcefully in the U.S. where it multiplied its piece of the overall industry (Yoffie and Kim 101). Since Coke was the prevailing brand in the U.S. in 1974, Pepsi presented the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge,† which planned for showing that customers favored Pepsi to Coke. In the wake of acknowledging expanded deals, it propelled the crusade across the nation. To counter this move, Coke presented discounts, cuts on retail costs, and promotions planned for scrutinizing the legitimacy of Pepsi’s test. It presented value limits at the retail level where Coke bottlers that were organization possessed battled against automatic Pepsi bottlers. By and by, the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge† crusade essentially disintegrated piece of the overall industry for Coke (Yoffie and Kim 101). As the cola wars warmed up in 1980, Coke began utilizing a high-fructose corn syrup as a choice to sugar, since it was modest. Following three years, Pepsi took action accordingly. Coke supported its promoting endeavors by multiplying its consumption on publicizing. To react to this, Pepsi additionally multiplied its spending on publicizing. In 1985, Coke reported it changed its Coca-Cola recipe. Notwithstanding, Pepsi specified that Coke had imitated its preference for the recipe, compelling Coke to return to its unique equation (Yoffie and Kim

Discuss the Markets Impact on Ethnicity in china Essay

Talk about the Markets Impact on Ethnicity in china - Essay Example inorities appear to appreciate a truly agreeable relationship with one another and furthermore with Hans, which is more monetarily prosperous than different minorities. Yet, some of the time these social and monetary imbalances have prompted pressures and brutality; China is a blasting economy with strains that have come about because of inconsistent development openings. Uproars in Northwestern Xinjiang, disappointment in Uyghurs and so on show that these minorities are feeling deserted, despite the fact that the Chinese economy is thriving in light of the fact that undeniably, the financial open doors are being taken up by the Han local people or different transients. This paper endeavors to draw out the effect of the business sectors on the ethnicity in China. During the time of 1970s, China was experiencing the issues of stagnation in the economy, camouflaged joblessness and low efficiency in both country just as the urban part. To defeat these issues, the Chinese government had set out certain projects of financial changes, because of which, the most recent two decades has seen a striking change. The genuine per capita GDP has seen an in excess of 5 overlap increment, with a yearly development of about 9% (Wu and Song, 2010, p. 2), while a great many individuals have been lifted out of outright destitution. In any case, these advantages have not been appropriated equally because of which disparity has risen quickly over the most recent couple of years. Gini coefficient, a well known proportion of pay imbalance, shows that in 1978, China’s gini coefficient measure was 0.317 though in 2005 it was 0.449 (Wu 2010, p. 2). It is additionally observed that the eastern regions that are closer to the ocean have grown more than the inside w estern territories. Once more, these changes have brought about expanded sex wage hole just as expanded urban-rustic pay hole. (Fazio and Huges, 2004) Minority bunches were at first ordered based on basic regions, language, culture, economy and so forth. In any case, numerous multiple times, the individuals from these minority bunches didn't

Sample Case Analysis of Google

Sample Case Analysis of Google Case Analysis of Google Aug 13, 2019 in Case Studies Overview of the Company Google is the most famous search engine in the world formerly known as Backrub, founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, who met at Stanford University in 1995 (Google, 2015a). It is best known as search engine (web search) Google, where people can get all information they want with a click of a button. In addition, the company offers products like Google Chrome, which is a browser known for its agility run on Android, a mobile operating system that is compatible with Google Play, a platform where people can download a wide range of applications. All these products and actions are aimed at making the company follow its primary purpose of making information accessible to users all over the word. Google organizes its operations to ensure it meets demands of the major broad business market and the web market (Google, 2015c). The major undertaking of Google entails advertisements, where it provides a platform where companies and business personalities can attract customers from all over the world. On the other hand, on the web front, Google is in the forefront coming up with products that are aimed at ensuring the web becomes better and more accessible with time. External Environment The external environment of a company is a combination of factors and changes outside the company at hand. They include political factors, economy dynamics, market competition and government regulations to name but a few. In the case of Google, the external environment is even more unpredictable and uncontrollable. It is because it operates in a great geographical area, being subjected to different cultures and governance. However, Google has not experienced major hardships while operating on this huge market. In terms of government policies and regulations, the company faced few limitations in 2006 imposed by the Chinese government on the search engine, where the government requested Google to censor some of its content in respect to the countrys free speech restrictions (Liedtke, 2006). However, the company and the Chinese government managed to iron out the issue, and the former made great strides in the market. Order now Live Chat Another aspect of Googles external environment is market competition. From this perspective, competition can be from new entrants and other existing competitors. In the first case, the Internet search industry has a very high barrier to entry because the existing players in this field, Google, Microsoft and Yahoo to name but a few, have accumulated large databases over the years. It means that to pose a threat in this industry, a new player will have to come up with a better database and a faster search engine. The probability of this happening is minimal, making the threat on the part of a new entrant to the industry unlikely. On the other hand, Google has outgrown its main rivals Yahoo and Microsoft. Moreover, in terms of economy dynamics, Google operates in different countries, the economies of which sometimes face recessions (Google, 2015a). However, due to the companys extensive marketing undertakings, Google can shed off the effects with ease. Current Strategies and Objectives Objectives The core objective of Google is to organize the entire worlds present and future information in a manner that can be easily understandable and accessible. This aspect is evident considering one of the companys objectives to have complete scans of all existing collections of 129 million books by 2020 (Google, 2015a). Another Googles objective is the continuation of the provision of the best user experience. Companys innovations and undertakings are always in line with this aspect. A continuous improvement in its search web engine is also an important issue for the company. The company believes that there is the need to do what one does well (Google, 2015d). Being a dominant search engine, its continuous upgrade and updates is an important task for the company. Strategies The main strategy utilized by Google is introducing innovations, whereby ensuring the relevance of its content is paramount. This strategy is achieved by Google hiring smart and self-driven people who make up a team known as Googlers. The company is also keen on being inclusive, employing people from different cultures and languages. It is further supported by the companys well-intentioned action of having seventy offices in over forty countries around the world (Google, 2015b). On top of this, the company utilizes the expansionary strategy, which has enabled Google to have offices around the world for the purpose of transforming the Google search engine into different locally acceptable search forms. As a result, it can be accessed in different languages around the world. It is the main reason for Google being the biggest search engine in the industry. Financial Analysis Table 1. Liquidity Ratio (NASDAQ, 2015) Period ending 12/31/2014 12/31/2013 12/31/2012 12/31/2011 Current ratio 480% 458% 422% 592% Quick ratio 480% 458% 418% 592% Cash ratio 383% 368% 335% 501% Trend The current ratio trend shows that Google has been in a position to pay its liabilities throughout 2011-2014 fiscal years. In addition, its quick ratio adds to the fact that the company has been improving its ability to pay its short-term debts. Its cash ratio decreased from 2011 to 2012, but since that time, it has been on the rise (NASDAQ, 2015). It is a good indication that Google has continued expanding its cash base or equivalent that can meet its liabilities. Table 2. Profitability Ratio (NASDAQ, 2015) Period ending 12/31/2014 12/31/2013 12/31/2012 12/31/2011 Gross margin 61% 60% 63% 65% Operating margin 25% 28% 30% 31% Pre-tax margin 26% 25% 31% 33% Profit margin 22% 23% 23% 26% Pre-tax ROE 17% 18% 20% 21% After-tax ROE 14% 15% 15% 17% In terms of gross margin, Google has been enjoying good percentage revenue retention averaging 60% (NASDAQ, 2015). It means the firm is profitable as this is usually the percentage of revenue retained by a company after production cost deductions. As a result of a high gross margin, Google has also been enjoying fair operational margins. It reflects companys efficiency in terms of its operation and pricing strategy. With 28.75% pre-tax margin, Google represents a company that has remained profitable form 2011 (NASDAQ, 2015). Google Sticking to the Current Objectives and Strategies If Google has been sticking to its current objectives and strategies for the next five years then continued growth and profitability will be a sustainable phenomenon. Making information understandable entails translating it into different languages, and this will make Google more appealing to a huge number of users. The result is huge earnings from associative adverts from different corners of the world. In line with this, if the company ensures users best experience, more users will visit the web search engine. As a result, Google will avail more potential customers to business personalities and will have a basis to post more adverts. It means increased revenue for the company and improved and sustained financial performance. When it comes to strategies, the main one for Google is innovations. It will make Google not only relevant but also interesting. Besides, utilizing different perspectives and insights from the Googlers will mean that the final output in the market is comprehensive and inclusive. It is therefore reasonable enough to argue that the utilization of the current strategies and objectives will enable Google to become more profitable. Strategies Recommendation If I were a CEO, I would recommend focusing on the most viable strategies like innovation and expansionary undertakings. In any business venture, introducing an innovation is a crucial tool in ensuring that the ventures output meets the market trends and demands. In the same line of thought, Google will have to make huge investments in the innovation docket to ensure the company keeps in touch with the dynamics of the industry. It will make the company customer-oriented and at the same time relevant and comprehensive. Implementing expansionary undertakings will ensure Google remains the dominant force in the industry. Besides, through this perspective, it will be possible to earn more from advertisement. Utilizing the two strategies will place Google on a platform where there will be continuous growth and profitability. Competitive Strategies Used by the Companys Main Competitors Google main competitors are Yahoo and Microsoft. Yahoo has recently unveiled new technology under the BrightRoll brand. It is in the form of BrightRoll DSP and BrightRoll Exchange aimed at transforming the ways in which business people can interact with their customers (Fuloria, 2015). The technological upgrade is aimed at making Yahoo a better marketing platform. The company is also keen on partnership deals with companies that have a huge following. It is a good marketing strategy. A good example is a partnership with NFL, where Yahoo users around the world can access a game via live streaming on the Yahoo platform (Edelman, 2015). On the other hand, Microsoft is keen on upholding and improving customer experience. To meet this, Microsoft has invested a lot in market research. It has seen the company employ around 90,000 workers across 190 countries around the world, mandated to come up with products that reflect the needs of people with a different background (Microsoft, 2015). The company has also made a deal with NFL, and it forms part of a well-calculated marketing strategy. Googles Most Effective Strategies and Countermeasures Both Yahoo and Microsoft are keen on implementing new marketing strategies. Moreover, Yahoo has seconded its marketing strategies with the incorporation of new technology. With Microsofts heavy investment in research, the company will attain a bigger marker share with time. The incorporation of new technology, research and marketing forms effective Googles competitors strategies. It is because utilizing the ones, the companies will be able to attract more customers, some of which may be from Google. In response, the latter should ensure it is more active on the marketing front. With its advantage in terms of market reach, utilizing a new marketing strategy will help the company enjoy the benefits of having loyal customers. Customer loyalty is an essential component when it comes to safeguarding business perpetuity. Market analysis can also be a helpful tool, through which it can be well-informed on the actions and inactions of its competitors. Through the analysis, it will be possibl e for Google to invest in a smart manner and exploit the gap left in the market. It will help caution the company about competitors expansionary undertakings. Looking for custom case study? Then Writessay.org would be the best choice for you as it provides quality custom case study help for students.

Portfolio Recovery Associates, An Account Executive

I am currently employed at Portfolio Recovery Associates as an Account Executive. I begin working for this company in 2008 as an account representative. Portfolio Recovery Associates strives to be a leader in the consumer debt collection industry. The company is distinguished by continuous innovation, strong customer focus, and cultures of integrity and compliance. The company was founded by four bankers in 1996. Since Portfolio was founded in 1996, it has grown to become one of the largest debt buying companies in the US. Portfolio Recovery Associates buys the debt then reach out to the debtors to try and help them resolve it. Debt collection is not easy job and can be very stressful. While trying to collect the debt we have consumer protection laws we have to abide by. When I started in 2008 there were always rules and regulations that had to be followed but over time things changed, one of the major challenges we had to face was in communication. In the past we were able to use our automated dialer system to call debtors land line, times have change majority of the people have dropped land lines and are now using cell phones. There are laws in place where you cannot call a cell phone using an automated system it has to be done manually. When the law changed it slowed us down dramatically, and it was hard adapting to that change. We went from speaking with 300 debtors a day to 40 which was very hard. We overcame that challenge. 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The Obstacle Of Organizing Government - 920 Words

The obstacle of organizing government around the environment is that, for the most part, society is too focused on economic growth for the environment to take a precedent. And, as Leopold notes, â€Å"land†¦is still property† (Leopold 218). The environment, or for Leopold the land, is not a global citizen in-it-of itself. Rather, the land is merely a tool for the continued economic growth. Since land has limited legal rights, Leopold sees that humans see no harm in exploiting the environment for capital gain. As such, granting the environment legal protection would, as Leopold saw it, be a better means of conservation efforts. Leopold described a system of ethics that, when applied appropriately, apply to both man and land. Despite defining an ethic as both â€Å"a limitation on freedom off action in the struggle for existence† and â€Å"a differentiation of social from anti-social conduct, Leopold saw little difference between an ethological—the former—and the philosophical—the latter—definitions of an ethic (Leopold 217-218). Both definitions create a sense of cooperation between individuals. However, the issue for the human-land relation is that, currently, ethics is not being applied. â€Å"The land-relation is still strictly economic, entailing privileges but not obligations† (Leopold 218). As Leopold saw it, mankind understands the need for the natural world, so there exists a limited sense of respect. However, unlike the ethics shared between human beings, the rights of land are notShow MoreRelatedAn Implementation Of A Community Intervention812 Words   |   4 Pagesissues) to be addressed by the group. In this paper, Vanessa and Sydney together will contribute to the impact of the organizing issue. 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Human Resource Accounting Free Essays

â€Å"Research Proposal† Topic : Human Resource Accounting as a Measurement Tool: Asian Perspective Submitted By: M. Rizwan Arshad. Lecturer Department of Management Sciences The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now PhD Research Proposal of Mr Rizwan Arshad Human Resource Accounting as a Measurement Tool: An Asian Perspective Attempts to account the Human Resource are not new it was Rensis Likert (1963), who initiated research into HR accounting in the 60’s. He stressed the importance of long term planning of Human Resource qualitative variables that results in greater benefits in the long run. The resource theory considered that the competitive position of an organization depends on its specific asset, which is the HR. This explains why some firms are more productive and successful than others under almost similar conditions and similar industry. It is the HR that makes all the difference. Following a less fruitful research period (Grojer and Johanson, 1998: 495) one could have expected interest in the area to wane but on the contrary, it has experienced something of a revival. When anyone wants to know the history of HR accounting, most reviewers such as Grojer and Johanson (1998) agreed that during the first half of the 1970s it was one of the most researched subject within accounting, consuming a vast amount of academic Endeavour. Human Resource is not just the number of pairs of hands engaged in any organization. HR is above the simple number game. HR may be though of as the total knowledge, skills, creative abilities, talents and aptitudes of an organization’s work force. It is the sum total of inherent abilities, acquired knowledge and skills of the employees. Why HR accounting is considered as important and who is the focus of this research? HR accounting is a term that has both a narrow and more generic focus in the literature with respect to the understanding of the value of people in the contemporary workplace and the contribution of the HR function. Defined narrowly â€Å"It is the process of identifying and measuring data about HR and communicating this information to interested parties†(American Accounting Association, 1973, as cited in Flamholtz, 1999: xii). This definition suggests that HR accounting is a tool that can be used for reporting people as organizational resources in both financial and managerial accounting terms (Flamholtz, 1999) The objective is to quantify the economic value of people (Sackman et al, 1989:235). According to Sveiby (1997) attempts to convert people or competencies into financial figures, although theoretically interesting, have not proved entirely useful to managers. The use of both financial and non-financial approaches is now a more common theme when discussion focuses on the nature of HR accounting. The reason for this is that HR accounting should be thought of as a set of techniques that provide a more balanced perspective, encouraging as much concern about the long-term drivers of financial success as about current performance and value. Consequently, the literature has adopted a wider brief when describing its nature. Some writers (Lester, 1996; Sheedy-Gohil, 1996; Skittle, 1995) claim that the level of knowledge-based assets of an organisation gives a clearer indication of the potential for future profitability than do traditional historical accounting measures. Therefore, the rate of change in knowledge-based and other intangible assets must be included in any meaningful measure of profits. However, a review by Scarbrough and Elias (2002) suggests that, as an asset, human capital is precarious in terms of its potential mobility and difficult in terms of its measurement. So narrowly defining HR accounting has distinct limitations because the measurement of HR in whatever guise then becomes reliant on a purely financial metric that invariably involves debate about asset models and cost-benefit analysis. Here, we adopt this broader notion, embracing both a range of financial and non-financial measurements associated with Human Resource Management. MEASUREMENT PITFALLS AND THE ACCOUNTING IDEOLOGY Measuring human resources has been viewed as proceeding rather slowly because its advocates always seem to be in the minority (Turner, 1996). Despite this, research has, over the past decade, been substantially measurement-oriented (Johanson and Larsen, 2000). Numerous studies report advances in measurement approaches, case studies of developing practice and the growing support for techniques such as the balanced score-card (eg Boudreau, 1998; Fitz-enz, 2000; Flamholtz, 1999; Flamholtz and Main, 1999). These achievements may have been somewhat overshadowed by research that has, quite necessarily, been preoccupied with debating a range of measurement concerns including the old arguments that will continue to be debated long into the future. The first of these arguments concerns the capitalization of HR and the debate surrounding whether human resources qualify or can appropriately be labeled as assets notwithstanding the competing view that there may be little substantial difference between intangible and tangible assets with no reason to treat one differently from the other (Boudreau, 1998; Johanson and Larsen, 2000; Mirvis and Macy, 1976; Turner, 1996). There has also been the need to discuss what Human Resource measurement system should be designed to achieve, bearing in mind that measurement is not neutral and the choice of metrics conveys values, priorities and a strategic framework (Boudreau, 1998: 24). The dangerous liaison between human resources and accounting and the pitfalls of measurement requires a delicate balancing act juggling the multiplicity of often unlinked measures with the need to provide information that is oing to be effective in guiding and managing behavior (Pfeffer, 1997). Similarly there has also been a need to debate whether the accounting paradigm has been re-conceptualized (Mayo, 2000) to account for the new economic transformation (Flamholtz and Main, 1999: 11). This involves accounting requirements that move beyond the accepted role of custodial and financial accountability into the realms of fiscal, social and environmental accountability. (Turner, 1996: 71). This involves a shift in thinking from human asset to human worth (Roslender, 1997) emphasizing a more holistic approach which embraces a broader range of social scientists thinking (Roslender and Dyson, 1992: 312) and allows for exploration in the realms of soft accounting numbers (Roslender, 1997: 22). Complying with orthodox management accounting conventions runs the risk, argues Armstrong (1989, 1995), of not only challenging the role but having to justify all HR activity in cost-effectiveness terms, thereby handing to others outside the function the decision as to what initiatives be given priority. This strategy cedes too much to the dominant accounting culture and may also, in the end, achieve little security for the personnel function (Armstrong, 1989: 160). What is needed, suggests Armstrong (1989: 160), is for HR practitioners to master the accounting approach to the point where they can clearly identify its shortcomings, thereby putting themselves in a position to focus on the inadequacies of accounting projections as an exclusive basis for managerial decision-making, especially where HR are concerned. By exploiting such shortcomings, HR practitioners can, suggests Armstrong (1989), further their cause by offering alternative strategies that emphasis that traditional accounting valuations are only one of a number of ways of establishing the value of HR. It is the politics of measurement and its likely impact on the HR function that dwarfs all others argues Pfeffer (1997). Shrewd HR leaders are already training their people in a range of measurement strategies in order to prepare them to do battle on more favorable terms with the number of people in the firm. All of these debates, including the ethics of even attempting to measure the worth of HR have one goal in mind: to develop a means of valuing that captures the very nature of the worth of people and reports it in a way that not only allows for the development of the people themselves but the added value (worth) that they contribute to the organisation. Consequently, understanding why HR accounting is important, to whom it is important and its links with organizational and HR strategies will provide a context for benchmarking the level of support for measuring HR and how far that support has been integrated into the thinking of different managerial groups and organizational strategies. This is what we set out to achieve. Methodology Data Collection The sample will be drawn from the organizations in Pakistan from the top industries working in local economy. Questionnaires will sent to a random sample of 20 members from each organization. For the purpose of gathering data survey-questionnaire approach will be used. The research will carried out in three phases. Phase 1 involved item generation, for that section of the questionnaire concerned with the importance and measurement of HR. A focus group of 50 people from different organizations will ask to discuss a number of questions. The content analysis of this information is use in developing the important measure of the questionnaire. In the second phase the draft questionnaire will sent to a group of 20 HR managers organized through a network of one of the senior managers who was part of the original focus group. Each participant will asked to go through the questionnaire and write any comments relating to any particular question or questions in the right-hand margin available in the copy of the questionnaire. The emphasis in this phase will, as explained to participants, to find out whether they thought any of the questions are ambiguous or whether parts of the questionnaire could be improved. All the comments received related to the background information of the questions and a number of modifications will made to this section. In third phase the questionnaire will distributed to the sample groups described above. Research Questions †¢Why it is important to evaluate HR? †¢Why organizations are not measuring HR? †¢How HR can be measured? †¢How often are measures taken and reviewed? †¢Who develops and collects HR information? †¢Whether human resources qualify or can appropriately be labeled as assets? Does the level of Knowledge-based assets of an organization give a clearer indication of the potential for future profitability than do traditional accounting measures? †¢Does it is possible to develop a means of valuing that captures the very nature of the worth of people? †¢Does it can be used for the development of the peoples in the organization? †¢Does HR accounting add value (worth) that HR contributes to the organization? Pot ential Outcomes †¢If the firm can effectively calculate the value of HR and add their value to firm’s assets, it will increase the book value of the firm’s shares. An index can be prepared for different industries and firms can compare their HR value to the industry standard and with the other firms present in the same industry. †¢The budget for the Training and Development can be justified. †¢Firms can evaluate the results of Training and Development by comparing the value of HR before and after training and development session. REFERENCES Armstrong, P. (1989). Limits and possibilities for HRM in an age of management accounting’ in New perspectives on Human Resource Management. J. Storey (ed). London: Routledge. Dasgupta. N. â€Å"Human Resources Accounting† Sultan Chand Sons New Delhi 1980. Flamholtz, E. G. and Main, E. D. (1999). `Current issues, recent advancements and future directions in human resource accounting’. Journal of Human Resource Costing and Accounting, 4: 1, 11-20. Johanson, U. (1999). `Why the concept of human resource costing and accounting does not work’. Personnel Review, 28: 1/2, 91-107. Lester, T. (1996). `Measuring human capital’. Human Resources, 24, 54 . Mayo, A. (2000). The Human Value of the Enterprise, London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Mirvis, P. H. and Macy, B. A. (1976). `Human resource accounting: a measurement perspective’. Academy of Management Review, 1, 74-83. Pfeffer, J. (1997). `Pitfalls on the road to measurement: the dangerous liaison of human resources with the ideas of accounting and finance’. Human Resource Management, 36: 3, 357-365. Prabhakara Rao D, â€Å"Human Resources Accounting† Inter-India. Publications New Delhi. 1986 Sveiby, K. E. (1997). The New Organizational Wealth: Managing and Measuring Knowledge-based Assets, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc. Turner, G. (1996). `Human resource accounting wisdom? ’ Journal of Human Resource Costing and Accounting, 1, 63-73. How to cite Human Resource Accounting, Essay examples

Conceptualisation of Management and Leadership †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Conceptualisation of Management and Leadership. Answer: Introduction Motivation is the course of action of an individuals needs and desires and with the help of motivation, an individuals path could easily be changed. In organizational context, this term is crucial in various aspects as it helps the management to deal with its employees in an effective manner. Motivation could be provided in monetary terms or by fulfilling employees needs and desires within the workplace. A constant effort is made by companies for sustaining in the market and in the competitive world. Most organizations are working hard to get it right and remain on top. Management doesnt know the satisfactory valuation of their performance. A lot of methods, models and framework for showing units assessment create a stress for an organization as they have to select the path that is same as the philosophy and believe of an organization. Effectiveness and efficiency the most important points to be considered for the performance of an organization. The words Effectiveness and efficiency sound different to managers but as per Chester Barnards these two are same words to remain successful (Fernndez, 2010). Performance of Organizations mostly judge by the effectiveness. Mission, goals and vision is the main focus they want to achieve. Organizations judge their performance as per their employees efficiency. The desired output is achieved by the finest use of resources. The point to be noticed is the difference of whether the organization is effective or efficient or vice versa. Is it important to highlight the differences? The main aim of this discussion is to view the performance of an organization on the basis of effectiveness and efficiency. The objectives: The efficiency and the effectiveness concepts Differences and proximities between effectiveness and efficiency. About Chester Irving Barnard The American business manager Chester Irving Barnardwas a pioneer in generating theories of management and studies about organizations. The book named The Functions of the Executive discusses about the organizational theories and the executives function in a firm. This book is used in many university courses as organizational sociology and management theory. He said the organizations are a result of corporation of human activities and discussed the causes of organizations short living. As per Barnard the necessity of organization is its efficiency and effectiveness (Malcolm Tabor Hartley, 2010). The theory of contribution and inducement are main component of Chester Barnards views management theory. The theory of Inducement-Contribution is not as complex as it looks. It is basically very simple and basic theory that talks about motivation. Cooperative system is the other name of an organization according to Chester Barnard (Nienaber, 2010). Efficiency versus Effectiveness Can an organization can be efficient without being effective? To get the answer lets discuss on the topic Effectiveness versus efficiency. The terms have a same meaning when it comes to manger but when it is considered from the point of view of success. Effective Efficient Doing the right things Doing things right. Chester Barnards says that the companies are worried about only the quality, output, innovation, sales, creation of value added, cost reduction. These are considered major points to be considered for the success of a company in economic and social grounds (Isomura, 2010). While reaching to the desired destination on behalf of the organization, it is must to analyses the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization along with the capabilities of employees. Chester Barnards considered the Social Transformations in Contemporary Society to choose the staff and leader of the organization, employees identification in organization, decision making, and psychological attachment consideration (Novicevic, Hayek Fang, 2011). Chester Barnards is in favors of changing staff attitudes in an organization for the level of maturity they have. Effectiveness is closely associated with the concept of human capital management. According to him goal achievement and mission fulfillment can be done by organizational effectiveness. Organizational effectiveness can be enhancing by better correspondence, association, initiative, heading, flexibility and positive condition. Chester Barnards has originated the idea of Total Productive Maintenance, which has been generally connected in the plants and secured the whole existence of life in each office including assembling, upkeep, and arranging (Fugate, Mentzer Stank, 2010). The structure permitted valuing general execution of the plant, since it secured: Entire capability (profitability, quality conveyance, wellbeing, social obligation and ethics); Entire support basis (upkeep counteractive action framework, viability change); Entire investment of the workers (the expansion of the capability of the plant relies upon the inclusion of the staff, paying little attention to the office they have a place with). As indicated by Chester Barnards, framework of Complete Productive Maintenance could be connected as a device, it cannot be used as the procedure to promise operational possibility for leaders. Barnard worried the way that effectiveness management instruments and procedures, for example, benchmarking, time based rivalry, outsourcing, collaborating are gradually replacing the strategy (Haas, et. al., 2011). It is an aftereffect of organizations mismanagement which result in failure to convert their goals into supportable productivity. Efficiency makes link amongst output and input or how effectively the input are changed into fruitful output. To increase the output, the Total Productive Maintenance framework by Porter proposes the removal of six misfortunes, which are: decreased yield from start up to stable generation, process faults, decreased speed, sitting and minor obstacles, set-up and change and apparatus disappointment (Chiou, Lan Yen, 2010). As indicated by Chester Barnards there is a contrast between organizational efficiency and business effectiveness. Business effectiveness reveals the execution of input and output proportion, whereas organizational efficiency reflects the change of interior process of the organization. For example: culture, structure and group of organization. Incredible organizational efficiency could uplift substances execution as far as efficiency, administration, quality and gainfulness. The Chester Barnard presented seven measurements, for the estimation of organizational efficiency: Procedure of organization; ''Social Transformations in Contemporary Society'', 50 Business structure plan; Business and management framework building; Development of worker and corporate styles; Motivation of employee duty; Development of representative's aptitudes; Objectives of subordinates (Green, Skerlos Winebrake, 2014). Efficiency and effectiveness are considered as different, yet, in the meantime, they are correlated with each other. And it is essential for the management to acquire success in both the zones. Chester Barnards propose that ROA is a right measure of organization success, since it uncovers how gainful associations resources are in creating incomes. Total resource turnover proportion measures the efficiency of an organization in order to utilize its benefits for skillfully creates deals; in this way it can be dealt with productivity as well. Net revenue proportion is a pointer of an organization's prizing procedures and indicate its controls the expenses, likewise it is a decent measure for bench marking methods; in this manner it could be called effectiveness. Therefore, general performance can be estimated by evaluating the effectiveness and the efficiency. Efficiency is about asset distribution crosswise over variety of uses. Efficiency is not the only criteria to measure organizational success in the competitive and dynamic business environment. All the relevant aspects should be considered while determining the organizational success. Effective yet inefficient If an organization is effectively managed but because of the poor operational administration, outcome originated will not match as per the expectations. Ineffective and inefficient association along with the inappropriate usage of resources will lead to enhance the cost of production. In relation with attainment of organizational goals and objectives, it is necessary for the management to manage its resources and employees efficiency in an effective manner so that optimum utilization of available resources could be done. This will help organization to enhance its market share as well as customer base. In order to remain in the competitive business market, it is necessary for the organization to create its base strong. Along with the base, utilization of available resources should also be taken care. This is significant because the organizational performance is based over four pillars i.e. context, relevant, structure and content. Until, these four basic pillars will not be followed, organization will not be able to manage its works as per the expectations. Thus, desired destination will remain unreached due to which efficiency of the organization decreases (Tajeddini, Elg Trueman, 2013). Cost inefficient associations don't have an appropriate asset distribution management system. Though, such associations have great plans regrading to general achievements as well as to uplift organizational image in the target market. Apart from this, cost has been considered as the most crucial aspect for attaining success and desired goals in the market. It is necessary for the organization to manage its operations and implement certain controlling and monitoring measures with relevance to manage the work in an effective and appropriate manner. Thus, it could be analyzed that effectiveness and efficiency, both are crucial aspects for an organization. This helps the organization to utilize available resources in an appropriate manner in order to attain desired goals and objectives within the workplace. Conclusion Effectiveness and efficiency are considered as the crucial aspect of organizational assessment. Effectiveness is a broader concept under which employee satisfaction, quality; value added services, output and social and economic environment interaction, etc. factors plays crucial role. In order to enhance organizational efficiency, it is necessary to enhance output with the help of available resources. Efficiency and effectiveness are considered as crucial aspects for an organizational success but at the same time, both these terms impact each other. References Chiou, Y.C., Lan, L.W. and Yen, B.T., 2010. A joint measurement of efficiency and effectiveness for non-storable commodities: Integrated data envelopment analysis approaches.European Journal of Operational Research,201(2), pp.477-489. Fernndez, S., 2010. Re-discovering Barnard: the functions of the leader? Highlighting Chester Barnard's contributions for the twenty-first century business executive.Journal of Management History,16(4), pp.468-488. Fugate, B.S., Mentzer, J.T. and Stank, T.P., 2010. Logistics performance: efficiency, effectiveness, and differentiation.Journal of business logistics,31(1), pp.43-62. Green, E.H., Skerlos, S.J. and Winebrake, J.J., 2014. Increasing electric vehicle policy efficiency and effectiveness by reducing mainstream market bias.Energy Policy,65, pp.562-566. Haas, R., Resch, G., Panzer, C., Busch, S., Ragwitz, M. and Held, A., 2011. Efficiency and effectiveness of promotion systems for electricity generation from renewable energy sourcesLessons from EU countries.Energy,36(4), pp.2186-2193. Isomura, K., 2010. Barnard on leadership development: Bridging action and thinking.Journal of Management History,16(2), pp.216-232. Malcolm, S.B. and Tabor Hartley, N., 2010. Chester Barnard's moral persuasion, authenticity, and trust: foundations for leadership.Journal of Management History,16(4), pp.454-467. Nienaber, H., 2010. Conceptualisation of management and leadership.Management Decision,48(5), pp.661-675. Novicevic, M.M., Hayek, M. and Fang, T., 2011. Integrating Barnard's and contemporary views of industrial relations and HRM.Journal of Management History,17(1), pp.126-138. Tajeddini, K., Elg, U. and Trueman, M., 2013. Efficiency and effectiveness of small retailers: The role of customer and entrepreneurial orientation.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,20(5), pp.453-462.

Enterprise Systems and Its Benefits

Table of Contents Introduction Benefits of enterprise systems Challenges in the application of enterprise systems Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Enterprise systems are software packages that use information technology in data storage, computation, and transmission of internal and external communication structures of an organization. Many organizations use this system in the supply chain management, customer relationship management and knowledge management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Enterprise Systems and Its Benefits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Management is very crucial for any organization since all decisions are from the top to the bottom. Wrong decisions affect the overall operation of the organization leading to the downfall of the business. The management therefore, should ensure that their supporting processes, data analysis, reporting, and information flows are in their best practices to survive in the market (Tarn 5). Benefits of enterprise systems Enterprise systems bring together all the processes and workflow of the organization making it easy to communicate the activities and programs to be undertaken. This improves the efficiency of the employees, as they are aware of their expectations and duties. The system allows storage of all the data allowing the organization to file only the necessary data. This makes the organization to improve its data entry strategies (Tarn 17). The system matches the organization and its objectives with its customer requirements leading to an overall improvement in its activities. This stimulates the productivity and development of the organization. The system demonstrates the connection between the organization performance and the employees. They provide a response to the demands and concerns as they occur to improve visibility into the end counts and delivery errors resulting into faster and improved organization performance (D avenport 230). This system ensures coordinated interdepartmental flow of information. This enables the management and their employees to develop skills necessary for handling their work responsibilities. It therefore becomes easy to manage functions and policies of the work force in a way that contributes the success of an organization (Tarn 20). The organization is able to improve its customer satisfaction through enhancing customer experience, relationship during product or service delivery. They ensure their services are available whenever the customer needs it by allowing the customers and the employees to have access to the required information of the organization (Tarn 22). This system helps achieve a consolidated picture of the objectives, policies, and plans of the organization linking all the activities from the top management to the employees. This leads to a better planning and follow up of the organization strategies and performance reducing costs of operation and invent ory to maximize the organizations production and developments (Davenport 240).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Challenges in the application of enterprise systems The system stores all the information entered by the user. Some of the users avoid summarizing their reports and records making it difficult for the management to access all the key concepts in the data. This leads to delay or wrong decision making due to information overload. The organization may end up delaying their products and services to their customers due to the organizations inability to fulfill its activities on time. This leads to customer dissatisfaction affecting the organization image and volume of sales (Davenport 246). This system is prone to errors and omissions during its analysis and application. It provides the management and the business analysts with reports and records on electronic technolog y. This data is very confidential and any mistakes affect the overall activities of the organization. Some of the top management officials have taken advantage of this system to involve in corruption reducing growth of the organization (Davenport 283). The benefits derived from the system are by how well the management is able to use it. It becomes very difficult in determining the capabilities of employees during hiring and firing, decentralized decision-making, and standards of reliance on the technology. The management has to keep pace with the changes in the technology and the organization to benefit from the system (Tarn 27). Conclusion Enterprise systems are very useful in the day-to-day activities of an organization as they ensure appropriate communication and operations that enable profitability and survival in a competitive environment. Works Cited Davenport, Thomas. Mission critical: realizing the promise of enterprise systems. New York: Harvard Business Press. 2000. Tarn, Michael. Enterprise systems education in the 21st century. New York: Idea Group Incorporation. 2007. This essay on Enterprise Systems and Its Benefits was written and submitted by user Freddy T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Delighting the Customer

DELIGHTING THE CUSTOMER: THE ROLE OF INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Delight results from exceeding the expectations of satisfied customers. Meeting only current needs â€Å"locks us into the present† (â€Å"Customer Satisfaction and Beyond†, The Drucker Magazine, Spring 1995) but to move beyond the threshold of satisfaction, we must tap into the unmet and, perhaps even, unimagined needs of the customer. The only key that can unlock this door to delight is a new way of thinking and working. For some of us keeping up or meeting the constantly changing paradigms may be difficult enough but, if we wish to surprise and, therefore, delight, we must exceed the following currently accepted standards of good service: Providing proactive services Knowing our own business Better marketing Over-delivering Following best practices Beating the competition Managing change We have been warned of the perils of reactive service but few realize the pitfalls in the proactive approach. Reaching beyond expectations means providing value rich information not merely delivering more than the customer requested. Demands on customers are constantly changing and to anticipate their needs based on yesterday’s assumptions means wasting valuable time finding new information for those who no longer need it. Thus if we aim to exceed expectations, we must be prepared to run alongside. One-way contacts, whether reactive and proactive, must be supplemented by ongoing interactive or networked communication. Rather than regarding ourselves as â€Å"servants†, to remain abreast or one step ahead, we need to form partnerships of equals. To discover customers’ unanticipated needs we must not be content to know only our own business or profession. As Davenport and Prusak advise in their article â€Å"Blow Up the Corporate Library† (International Journal of Information Management, December 1993), we need to â€Å"get out of the library and... Free Essays on Delighting the Customer Free Essays on Delighting the Customer DELIGHTING THE CUSTOMER: THE ROLE OF INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Delight results from exceeding the expectations of satisfied customers. Meeting only current needs â€Å"locks us into the present† (â€Å"Customer Satisfaction and Beyond†, The Drucker Magazine, Spring 1995) but to move beyond the threshold of satisfaction, we must tap into the unmet and, perhaps even, unimagined needs of the customer. The only key that can unlock this door to delight is a new way of thinking and working. For some of us keeping up or meeting the constantly changing paradigms may be difficult enough but, if we wish to surprise and, therefore, delight, we must exceed the following currently accepted standards of good service: Providing proactive services Knowing our own business Better marketing Over-delivering Following best practices Beating the competition Managing change We have been warned of the perils of reactive service but few realize the pitfalls in the proactive approach. Reaching beyond expectations means providing value rich information not merely delivering more than the customer requested. Demands on customers are constantly changing and to anticipate their needs based on yesterday’s assumptions means wasting valuable time finding new information for those who no longer need it. Thus if we aim to exceed expectations, we must be prepared to run alongside. One-way contacts, whether reactive and proactive, must be supplemented by ongoing interactive or networked communication. Rather than regarding ourselves as â€Å"servants†, to remain abreast or one step ahead, we need to form partnerships of equals. To discover customers’ unanticipated needs we must not be content to know only our own business or profession. As Davenport and Prusak advise in their article â€Å"Blow Up the Corporate Library† (International Journal of Information Management, December 1993), we need to â€Å"get out of the library and...

The movie Idiocracy Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Idiocracy - Movie Review Example Against his will, the Luke Wilson character is succeeding in life. His children will have much more opportunities than he does, and more than any of Dax's children. However, the premise feeds into our insecurity about the state of the world and a general feeling that things are going downhill. People have believed this since the beginning of time. This movie was probably shown because in it there is a connection between humour and thoughtfulness. Ideas are present along with the silly gags. This is a good way to illustrate that some comedy can be a social commentary on the way we live now. Mike Judge is a smart comedian who often make films that suggest society is empty or full of cultural waste. In this movie he is trying to show that the world is on the edge of a cliff and in the future will fall off of that cliff. But the whole time he makes us laugh. That makes the medicine go down much more easily. In the end, this movie does not really have a profound message. The idea that the world is going to be full of idiots five hundred years from now because of breeding practices is unlikely. There may be a lot of dumb people in the world today, but there are a lot of smart people. There will always be a place and a need for intelligence. Judge shows how intelligence is actually valued by the idiots. Perhaps intelligent people will be a smaller set of the population, but it is unlikely they will disappear entirely in the future. The movie is intended to be a comedy with an edge and that is what it is, nothing more.

Talent and music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Talent and music - Essay Example This very definition of talent differentiates it from two terms that are mostly confused with talent (Brinner, 1995). These two terms include skills as well as knowledge. The difference between talent and skill as well as knowledge is that talent comes naturally and skills and knowledge can be developed by an individual. The term music is used to refer to the practice of arranging various tones in such a sequence that when they are vocalized in that sequence they end up creating a constant composition. This meaning of music differentiates music from what people believe music is. This meaning clearly reflects that music has to be in order and an individual singing or playing instruments without any order cannot be regarded as a musician and his creations cannot be regarded as music. Talent and music are two most commonly misunderstood terms by the general public. The public needs to realize that talent is inborn and cannot be obtained through rehearsal or training. The general public should not recognize any sound played through an instrument as music until it has a sequence that results in the creation of incessant

Holistic and Academic Education

Holistic and Academic Education Holistic education is a discipline of education based on the premise that each person finds, meaning, identity and purpose in life through connections to the natural world, to the community, and to humanitarian values such as peace and compassion. Holistic education aims to call forth from people an intrinsic reverence for life and a passionate love of learning. This is the definition given by Miller, editor, founder and author of the journal Holistic Education. The term holistic education is often used to refer to the more democratic and humanistic types of alternative education. Flake, C. L (1998) describes this further by stating, What distinguishes holistic education from other forms of education, at its most general level, are its objectives, its focus to learning through experience, its goals and the significance it places on primary human values and relationships, within a learning environment. The concept of holism refers to the idea that all the properties of a given system in any field of study cannot be determined or explained by the sum of its component parts [Forbes, S. H, 1996]. The system as a whole instead determines the behavior of its parts. There is no single source for a holistic education movement. There is neither a major form of expression nor a predominant proponent. It is difficult to define clearly a holistic education. There are a number of perceptions and values, however that most schools claiming to be holistic would follow [Miller.R, 2010]. A holistic way of thinking rather than defining human possibilities narrowly, literally tries to integrate and encompass multiple layers of experience and meaning. Teaching Methodologies There are several methodologies adopted by schools that preach holistic education: Religion as a part of life: Holistic education cultivates religious values as a part of the life. There are classes that insist and preach moral values such as divinity, spirituality, realization of self, morality, mortality, serving the community and much more. Live Workshops: Education through experience is the main motto of holistic education. Everything is made live in the form of workshops. Scholars from various disciplines interact with the students and conduct real-time workshops rather than imparting the bookish knowledge. Children or students literally do what they learn and learn what they do. This make the children gain experience in each and every subject they learn. Science Fairs and Exhibitions: The institutions spent a lot of amount in gather people of same likes and interests at a single place and share their views on thoughts. Knowledge is the only resource that multiplies on sharing. Knowledge transfer is accomplished in holistic education due to many fairs and exhibitions. Special Training Programs: Training programs to develop various technical, managerial and behavioral skills are conducted often by these institutions. Some of the most significant training programs are leadership training, team building training, communication training, psychological training, orientation training and religious training. Mentors The teachers in the holistic schools are not strict as that of regular academic schools. Rather than threatening the students by exercising strict control over them, these teachers act as real friends and mentors of the students. The children can get guidance from their mentors very easily and without a hesitation. The barrier between the teacher- student relationships is completely broken in holistic education. Thus holistic education is far beyond the styles adopted by conventional academic learning. With acts like terrorism, crime and violence increasing in the society, holistic learning, obviously is the need of the hour. Aims and objectives of the study Primary Objective: To understand the key concepts and options of holistic education. To analyze the difference between academic and holistic education. To identify the need for holistic education. To study the process of education followed in holistic institutions in India. To evaluate the effectiveness of holistic education systems. Secondary Objective: To create awareness about holistic education among people of India. To emphasis the need for holistic education in India. To encourage the people to seek holistic education rather than conventional academic education. Review of literature The Indian educational history has always been glorified by the presence of universities like Nalanda, Vikramshila and Taxila, from the ancient period. India has got the privilege of establishing universities, even before there were universities in continents like Europe. The contributions of Arya Bhatta, Chanakya, Kalidasa and Baskaracharyya could not be forgotten by the whole world. Be it mathematics, science, literature or technology, India would be in the list of one of the historic contributors irrespective of the discipline of education. Indians have produced many of the most successful and remarkable insights, thoughts and inventions. However, on examining the post independent era, the scenario of growth in the present Indian education is remarkably low and in fact pitiable. The 65 years of post independence has not made much difference in Indian education, especially in rural India. Independent India however has stood unique by setting up over seventy education commission or education committee. Out of the 94 developing countries in the world, the position of India is 76th in terms of overall educational development index [EDI]. The percentage of students enrolled in first standard (Class I) and reached to fifth standard (Class V) is 77 in other developing countries. Controversially in India it is only 60%. [Krishnamurthy, 1994]. This statistical data is significant enough to understand the deteriorating situation of present India. India ranks a low 105 out of 127 nations in UNESCOs Education for All Development Index (EDI) for 2004, despite its much-prevalent Education for All (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan) initiative. The worst part of it is that the United Nation body says it is doubtful if India would be able to achieve the EFA (Education for All) goal. The EFA goals concentrates on 100% enrolment in primary schools by the year 2015 and it is one of the U Ns Millennium Development Goals (MDG). All this has happened only because of the conventional educational system that focuses much on making the children to pile up with loads of books rather than understanding the true value of education. The conventional academic education ruins the imaginative power of kids. Especially the academic educational system in India is so strict that it does not give place for creativity and human values. On the other hand, an alternative educational system also known as holistic education is emerging in India. Unlike the conventional system, holistic education concentrates on learning through experience. This gives a new definition and style to education. By this system, children can learn by doing whatever they love to do. This system induces an interest for learning among children and education is being made a fun by this process. Holistic learning is also known as transformative learning. Jack Mezirow (2000), Neuman (1998), Boyd Meyers and Edmond OSullivan, (1988) have contributed to the research of transformative learning and have identified a new framework or pedagogy that is to be demonstrated in holistic programs. According to Mezirow, the goal of education is to help the individual become a more autonomous thinker by learning to negotiate his or her own values, meanings, and purpose rather than uncritically acting on those of others[Mezirow ,2000]. According to Edmond OSullivan, transformative learning involves experiencing a deep, structural shift in the basic premises of thought, feelings, and actions. It is a shift of consciousness that dramatically and permanently alters our way of being in the world. [Edmond OSullivan, 1988]. OSullivan E., has identified five themes as the fundamental to transformative learning. The connection or relationship that humans have with the natural world also known as the consciousness of the environment Conscious world citizens, equality, peace, world citizenship, interdependency, narratives of inclusion and interconnectedness Integral curriculum; integral development-from the personal to the planetary, contextual-holistic vs. content-informational An experience of belonging: community, a place, roots A sense of the sacred: integrative dimension of experience, awe, respect for life, connections to the spirit [Jack Mezirow, 2000], On the other hand has specified ten elements that provide a strong foundation for transformative learning. A sense of safety, openness, trust; egalitarian, nonjudgmental and non-competitive environment A learner centered approach Critical reflection and explorations of alternative personal perspectives Affective learning, emotions and feelings discussed Solitude, self dialogue Handling disagreement, confronting rather than avoiding Experiential learning Acknowledging many ways of knowing and learning; multiple intelligences Questioning our assumptions, beliefs The use of rational discourse, dialogue [Boyd and Meyers, 1988], include supporting students to recognize their spirit-a knowing or a truth that resides in them, in promoting transformative learning. [Neuman, 1996] expands the acknowledgment of the importance of feelings and emotions to the transformative aspects of learning experiences. Research methodology Two forms of research are undertaken in order for the purpose of satisfying the objectives of the study: Primary Research: Data collected through first-hand sources Secondary Research: Second-hand data collected through different sources Primary research- Quantitative Research Quantitative research method will be followed in order to create a detailed analysis of consumers perception regarding emails and direct mails as marketing medium in India. Quantitative research offers several advantages to the study: Brower et al (2000, pg. 366) assert that quantitative researchers pursue- and insist that they generate- value-free, unbiased data. Similarly, McLaughlin et al (2002) highlight the following uses of quantitative approach: Research and establish explicit hypotheses Uses accurate measures of concepts Uses tests of statistical significance Uses controls for other explanatory variables Provides a clear theoretical context Case-studies The term case-study usually refers to a fairly intensive examination of a single unit such as a person, a small group of people, or a single company. Case-studies involve measuring what is there and how it got there. In this sense, it is historical. It can enable the researcher to explore, unravel and understand problems, issues and relationships. It cannot, however, allow the researcher to generalize, that is, to argue that from one case-study the results, findings or theory developed apply to other similar case-studies. The case looked at may be unique and, therefore not representative of other instances. It is, of course, possible to look at several case-studies to represent certain features of management that we are interested in studying. The case-study approach is often done to make practical improvements. Contributions to general knowledge are incidental. The case-study method has four steps: Determine the present situation. Gather background information about the past and key variables. Test hypotheses. The background information collected will have been analyzed for possible hypotheses. In this step, specific evidence about each hypothesis can be gathered. This step aims to eliminate possibilities which conflict with the evidence collected and to gain confidence for the important hypotheses. The culmination of this step might be the development of an experimental design to test out more rigorously the hypotheses developed, or it might be to take action to remedy the problem. Take remedial action. The aim is to check that the hypotheses tested actually work out in practice. Some action, correction or improvement is made and a re-check carried out on the situation to see what effect the change has brought about. The case-study enables rich information to be gathered from which potentially useful hypotheses can be generated. It can be a time-consuming process. It is also inefficient in researching situations which are already well structured and where the important variables have been identified. They lack utility when attempting to reach rigorous conclusions or determining precise relationships between variables. Sample size This study takes into consideration ten different holistic schools functioning in India. Secondary Research Secondary data is the information what was collected in the past for some other purpose. Usually, researchers start their investigation by studying a rich variety of already accessible data, to see if they can make a breakthrough in the study partly or wholly, without the use of expensive, time-consuming first-hand research. The following forms of secondary data will be used to research purpose: Books Journals and articles Newspapers Magazines Online web portals Annual Reports Government Agencies Independent Agencies Government official reports Limitations of the study- .5 page This concentrates on the holistic educational practices in India and not any other type of education. This study focuses exclusively on alternate schools. This study involves the holistic schools in India alone. This study is applicable for holistic schools that have been successfully serving the society for not less than eight years.

Hanging Woman Creek :: essays research papers

Hanging Woman Creek is set in an era of American expansion when the major conflict of the Indian population was not much of a worry. The bigger worry for most men on the frontier was other whites. Bandits were plentiful, and the law was dealt out by the people. The book starts out in Chicago, concerning a man who had just been released from an overnight stay in prison. This man is called Pike, and has a reputation for being a fighter. His reputation is not that well however, because it seems that he loses more fights than he wins. He is sitting with an African-American man and another man by a fire, Eddie and Van. He quickly became friends with Eddie, and realized that Van was more trouble than he was worth. He and Eddie hitched a train to the West, looking for jobs as cowherds. They reach a town on the edge of the frontier that Pike has visited in the past. He finds some friends and one that offers a job. However, this job is not a very safe one. It is to round up some cattle near a n outpost on Hanging Woman Creek and stay there.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pike and Eddie find much trouble, and one man is shot in the back by an unknown assailant. Pike escorts a lady out to her brother’s homestead, and a while later the lady’s brother’s estate has been burnt down. Bohlen, a local rancher, was suspected of doing it. Ann, the lady that Pike escorted earlier, was at the house. She had escaped however, and was now on the run. Pike caught up to her and they headed back to the town. Along the way Bohlen attacked the group and killed Eddie and Ann’s brother. Pike and Ann made it back to town and Pike got his revenge on Bohlen, but only after he went through a court hearing and the truth came out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book was very confusing and disorganized. It was very hard to follow and the author could have done a better job in explaining the plot. Facts were thrown in throughout the story about what was going on, sometimes with no real relevance. The author also stopped often to contemplate the meaning of life from the perspective of Pike. This was distracting, and made the book a very boring read. The book definitely could have used some more organization and a less complicated plot.

A Bend in the River

A Bend in The River is a book published by V.S. Naipaul in 1979. The novel is set in Zaire during the rule of Mobutu Sese Seka in the late 1960s and early 1970. The country nor its president are ever mentioned but many commentators agree that it is in fact Zaire.This period was one of great social and political upheaval in Zaire, later known as the Democratic Republic of Congo. There were armed coups, political machinations, guerilla rebellions, urban riots, rural massacres and widespread social reforms. Against this backdrop, the transformation of Salim is presented. External sources are one in saying that Salim transformed from a propertied and upright man into a poor scoundrel because of the environment he was thrust in. I am in agreement with this.â€Å"The tall lilac-coloured flower had appeared only a few years before, and in the local language there was no word for it. The people still called it ‘the new thing' or ‘the new thing in the river,' and to them it was a nother enemy. Its rubbery vines and leaves formed thick tangles of vegetation that adhered to the river banks and clogged up waterways. It grew fast, faster than men could destroy it with the tools they had. The channels to the villages had to be constantly cleared.Night and day the water hyacinth floated up from the south, seeding itself as it travelled.† This except from the book can be taken as a simple botanical statement, yet in the subtle mind of Naipaul this simple botanical fact suggests a broader truth in relation to the life of Salim. It will be a foreshadowing of the creeping corruption that will rend Salim’s soul.In the beginning of the novel, Salim is an Arab-African of Indian descent who comes from a lapsed Muslim family that has resided in eastern Africa for generations. However, Salim sees no future for himself or for his culture along the east African coast. He also has a bit of an inferiority complex, in chapter two he says he left English language sch ool when he was 16 not because he was not smart enough to graduate but because no one in his family went to school beyond 16.He decides to travel to the interior of the Continent. However, because of the chaos prevalent in those days his trip takes a full week and Salim paid bribes to many people to facilitate his travels. Family friend Nazruddin had sold him sundries and supply store which he discovers is a mess. and travels to the interior of the African Continent to start a new life.At this stage he still has high hopes and aspirations for a better life. He eventually arrives along a town at a town along the bend of the river, this is likely based on the river Kisangani, there he is joined by his servant Metty and he establishes his business. Salim quickly gains a regular customer in Zabeth the merchant.Zabeth is an authentic African who is in touch with the tribal ways, she uses charms and potions to defend from evil yet is easily able to enter the modern world. By comparison he r son Ferdinand is a through and through ‘modern’ African who is in the process of being educated in the modern ways. Since Zabeth is his friend Salim takes an interest in watching over the boy as he grows up.Clearly in the beginning of the novel, Salim is a man of some property and he is also an upright and moral person despite his lack of faith in his religion.However Salim is trapped in a rather miserable environment, the post colonial environment he resides in is a no-man’s land. There are European Intellectual advisers, mercenaries, profiteers and other Third World flotsam and jetsam who populate the land.These people and the environment of rebellions and repression will slowly degrade Salim as he loses his properties and his integrity in the mounting chaos. By the end of the novel Salim’s transformation is complete when he notes in page 36-7 that even Natives have become exiles in their own country, so can become exiles in their own country when life itself is lived at the whims of the ruler.This descent from propertied upright man to improvished scoundrel happens gradually. It begins for our man living along the bend of the river with Bigburgers. This is the name of the place where the prominent members of the local society meet. It is also the name of a large hamburger which Salim, descendant of fastidious Indian immigrants, describes the Bigburger as â€Å"smooth white lips of bread over mangled black tongues of meat† Here is where Salim goes regularly and strikes acquaintances with the locals.In the beginning the town is admirable in its simplicity. The Villagers descend from the bush to sell monkey meat to the steamer passengers. Then they turn around and use it to buy pots, cloths and razor blades from the shops. The shop owners can then go to Bigburgers for their meals. Salim for his part moves his sundry and supplies store and converts it into a dry-goods store, he bought the place cheap because the revolution de pressed real estate values. Lucky for him he catches on to the economic boom that occurs shortly after he arrived.Soon the jingoistic â€Å"Big Man’s† misrule takes its toll on his prosperity. Father Huisman, a Belgian priest who taught at the school where Ferdinand studies is depressed at his relative wealth compared to the young Africans who must eat caterpillars just to sate their hunger.He decides to leave but dies before he can go. In chapter 6 the town becomes a thriving marketplace. However the lack of urban planning, since the â€Å"Big man† has neglected the town, leads to squatters who have no homes and just throw their garbage out the door creating a big hill of garbage making the town stink.In chapter nine Indar talks about his life to Salim, Indar reveals how in the past he too was idealistic and appreciated nature in all its beauty. His visit to London changed him greatly, he became London-centric in a sense believing that all other life was false and London was the true life.Indar was so in love with London that he wanted to stay there for good. However, he had a change of heart and after graduating from college he already had a cynical view of life. He now thinks only of himself and cares little for the greater world around him. Little do we know that Indar is a foreshadowing of Salim’s fate.By chapter 13 things are really going bad for Salim as well. He is now intimately involved with a woman named Yvette who in the past was seduced by Raymond. Before, he derided Mahesh as a half man because of his devotion to his wife.Now he is doing exactly the same thing with Yvette seeing the world based on how it would affect their relationship. After the Youth Guard is disbanded in chapter 14, things get even worse. The police are harassing everyone thinking them to be rebels, supposedly, in fact they are merely trying to extort money from everyone they suspect still has any.â€Å"The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.† Reads the first sentence of page one. It summarizes, Naipaul’s rather cynical world view and the thesis of his book. In the end Salim casts doubt upon the validity and legitimacy of the historical documents from which he draws his identity.Despite all the turmoil he sees around him his friend Raymond, a historian, can be seeing painting a rosy picture of the events. He asks himself if it were possible that his own past had been manipulated too?This crisis is the last straw that breaks the camels back. With his present in ruins and his future bleak, Salim finds that his past is also a sham. This is too much to bear, following his trip to Europe and seeing that even Europe is not the paradise it was made up to be Salim returns having lost all hope in the world.   

High School With Female And Male Learners With Special...

Where/what is the research site? The site for this study will be a local high school with both female and male learners with Special Education Needs (SEN) and learning disability. The research will target or focus on one of the schools with a high number of disabled students to ensure the statistics taken are more conclusive for the study. Together with the school administration, 9-12th-grade teachers, students, and counselors we will attempt to come up with the best and efficient mode of conducting the research. Addressing the issue of young people with disabilities requires the inclusion of a larger audience such as the students, teachers, and administrators (Supports Center, 2004). According to Milsom, counselor’s assigned the role of preparing students for the job and life outside school has failed to adequately present the disabled students with skills to cope with life after school (2002). The research records the type of instruction and skills taught to the students, looking for the relation of the in formation and survival in the outside world. The study will collect data by asking the students questions related to survival outside the school and rate students according to the level of preparedness. Through such information, the research can offer a clear understanding of the issue to be discussed as well as the culture in the schools today concerning their ability to prepare learners for employment environment and real life after school. Target Group TheShow MoreRelatedProposed Action Of Special Needs2390 Words   |  10 PagesProposed Action Special need students, like any other students interact with several people at school. However due to their disabilities, they are usually more disadvantaged because they need more assistance as compared to other students and when this is not taken seriously, they end up dropping out of school or graduating without acquiring the necessary career skills for them. Research shows that among the many people that these students interact with at school, guidance counselors are usually inRead More American Public Education Essay1785 Words   |  8 Pagesin some classrooms, nearly continuous. The public education system is having difficulty adjusting to the no child left behind act. The No Child Left Behind(NCLB) is a landmark in education reform designed to improve student achievement and change the culture of American’s schools. The primary sponsors of NCLB were President George W. Bush and Sen. Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts, a decades-long advocate for raising the quality of public education. This law was signed in 2001. Unfortunately not everythingRead MoreRoles and Responsibilities of a Teacher9859 Words   |  40 PagesPreparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector [pic] Executive Summary This paper will focus upon the roles, responsibilities and boundaries in planning, managing and delivering learning based around the teaching training cycle. This covers the application of learning styles to identify the differences of my learners. The issues of entitlement, equality, diversity and Inclusitivity will be addressed. It will also address the relevant legislation in my area of expertise and the importanceRead MoreEssay Developmental Psychology and Children43507 Words   |  175 Pagesthe Early Years Foundation Stage May 2008 Setting the Standards for Learning, Development and Care for children from birth to five STATUTORY FRAMEWORK NON-STATUTORY GUIDANCE Practice Guidance for the Early Years Foundation Stage Contents Section 1 – Implementing the EYFS ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   Introduction Putting the Principles into practice General points on provision of the EYFS Meeting the diverse needs of children Partnership working Flexible provision Play Quality improvementRead MoreThe Effects of Advertising on Children33281 Words   |  134 Pages................................................................................. 57 Australian Communications and Media Authority 2 Summary Preface This report was prepared by the Bond University Centre for New Media Research and Education between August and November 2006. The research team was Dr Jeffrey E. Brand (Director), Dr Mark Bahr (Psychology), Ms Jill Borchard and Ms Tanya Neves, (PhD students at the Centre). This research was conducted by independent researchers and the conclusions